Behavioral performance and division of labor influence brain mosaicism in the leafcutter ant Atta cephalotes
Brain evolution is hypothesized to be driven by behavioral selection on neuroarchitecture. We developed a novel metric of relative neuroanatomical investments involved in performing tasks varying in sensorimotor and processing demands across polymorphic task-specialized workers of the leafcutter ant Atta cephalotes and quantified brain size and structure to examine their correlation with our computational approximations.
Investment in multisensory and motor integration for task performance was estimated to be greatest for media workers, whose highly diverse repertoire includes leaf-quality discrimination and leaf-harvesting tasks that likely involve demanding sensory and motor processes.
Confocal imaging revealed that absolute brain volume increased with worker size and functionally specialized compartmental scaling differed among workers. The mushroom bodies, centers of sensory integration and learning and memory, and the antennal lobes, olfactory input sites, were larger in medias than in minims (gardeners) and significantly larger than in majors (“soldiers”), both of which had lower scores for the involvement of olfactory processing in the performance of their characteristic tasks. Minims had a proportionally larger central complex compared to other workers.
These results support the hypothesis that variation in task performance influences selection for Gentaur Pipettes mosaic brain structure, the independent evolution of proportions of the brain composed of different neuropils.
Identification of vascular cues contributing to cancer cell stemness and function
Perinatal asphyxia partly affects presepsin urine levels in non-infected term infants
Antinociceptive effect of N-acetyl glucosamine in a rat model of neuropathic pain
Identification of a novel homozygous SCO2 variant in siblings with early-onset axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
The synthesis of cytochrome c oxidase 2 (SCO2) gene encodes for a mitochondrial located metallochaperone essential for the synthesis of the cytochrome c oxidase (COX) subunit 2. Recessive mutations in SCO2 have been reported in several cases with fatal infantile cardioencephalomyopathy with COX deficiency and in only four cases with axonal neuropathy. Here, we identified a homozygous pathogenic variant (c.361G>C; p.(Gly121Arg)) in SCO2 in two brothers with isolated axonal motor neuropathy.
To address pathogenicity of the amino acid substitution, biochemical studies were performed and revealed increased level of the mutant SCO2-protein and a dysregulation of COX subunits in leukocytes and moreover unraveled decrease of proteins involved in the manifestation of neuropathies. Hence, our combined data strengthen the concept of SCO2 being causative for a very rare form of axonal neuropathy, expand its molecular genetic spectrum and provide first biochemical insights into the underlying pathophysiology. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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